IOM INDONESIA Cases of Human Trafficking and Forced Labour in Fisheries Vienna, 26 September 2017
BRIEFFACTSONIOM
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TIP IN INDONESIAN FISHING INDUSTRY WHERE IN INDONESIA? TAREMPA
BAU-BAU
Nov. 22, 2014 workers in Benjina, Indonesia, load fish onto a cargo ship bound for Thailand.
Burmese fishermen raise their hands as they are asked who among them want to go home
Majority of recruitment actors are individual recruiter Indonesia, A Case of Human Trafficking, Benjina & Ambon
What happened in 2015?
TRAFFICKED FOREIGNFISHERMAN NUMBER BY YEARS 2011
Nationalities
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Total
Children Adults Children Adults Children Adults Children Adults Children Adults Children Adults
Cambodian Myanmar Thai Laos Laos Grand Total
0 0 0 0 0 0
65 36 0 0 0 101
1 1 0 0 0 2
43 28 0 0 0 71
5 1 0 0 0 6
Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base 2011-2015
25 100 8 0 0 133
0 2 0 0 0 2
22 156 3 0 0 181
0 5 1 0 0 6
138 999 66 13 0 1,216
2 1 0 0 0 3
72 74 0 0 12 158
373 1,403 87 13 12 1,879
NUMBER OF FISHERMAN IDENTIFIED AS VOTS BY NATIONALITIES AND AGE
Nationalities Myanmar Indonesian Cambodian Thai Lao Grand Total
Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base 2011-2015
Male Children Adults 9 1,317 14 6 1 0 30
269 293 77 13 1,969
Total 1,328 283 299 78 13 1,999
ASSISTED INDONESIAN FISHERMEN NUMBER BY STRANDED COUNTRY Stranded Country Trinidad and Tobago South Africa Ivory Coast Malaysia Mauritius Venezuela Indonesia* Colombia Fiji Hong Kong Taiwan** Grand Total
Male Children Adults 0 0 0 6 6 0 3 0 0 0 0 15
155 76 22 5 1 3 0 2 2 1 1 268
Total 155 76 22 11 7 3 3 2 2 1 1 283
* Domestic Movement; ** Province of China
Indonesian Trafficked Fishermen by Stranded Country – Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base 2011-2015
PROFILE OF TRAFFICKED FISHERMEN AGE Indonesian Trafficked Fishermen
Foreign Trafficked Fishermen
37.5%
40.0%
30.0%
35.0%
27.2%
30.0%
n = 283
25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0%
16.2%
3.5%
5.0% 0.0%
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
0.7% 0.0% 45-49
Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base 2011-2015
14.6%
4.8%
5.0%
1.1%
n =1718 9.3%
10.0%
13.1%
20-24
21.1%
20.0% 15.0%
17.0%
15-19
25.4%
25.0%
3.7% 0.1%
2.7%
1.5% 0.5% 0.1%
PROFILE OF TRAFFICKED FISHERMEN WHEN HUMAN TRAFFICKING BEGAN Age: trafficked vs assisted 25%
26% 23%
19%
13%
21% 16%
n =2001
13% 11%
8% 7%
5%
4% 2% 2%
1% 1% 0% 0% 0% under 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 15 When TiPd
When assisted
PROFILE OF TRAFFICKED FISHERMEN MARITAL STATUS Indonesian Trafficked Fishermen 1.77%
Foreign Trafficked Fishermen
2.12%
1.11%
n = 283 20.14%
4.37%
n =1718
Divorced
Divorced
Married
Married
Single
27.18%
Separated
Widow/er 75.97%
Single
66.24% 0.76%
Widow/er
• Individuals who are single: make financial contributions to immediate family members (i.e parents, siblings) • Married victims: financially support spouses, immediate families and children Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base 2011-2015
PROFILE OF TRAFFICKED FISHERMEN ECONOMIC STATUS & EDUCATION BACKGROUND Indonesian Trafficked Fishermen
Foreign Trafficked Fishermen 3%
2%
98% 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
95
Poor
Poor
Standard
Very Poor 97%
n = 283
80 65 17
12
10
2
1
Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base 2011-2015
450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0
420
n =1718
395 312
295
148 71
64
5
3
RECRUITMENT OF FISHERMEN REASONS OF LEAVING HOME Indonesian Trafficked Fishermen 6.71% n = 283 Economic problem
27.56%
Education problem
61.48%
Personal problem Seeking better job
0.71% 3.53%
Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base 2011-2015
Unemployment
RECRUITMENT OF FISHERMEN REASONS OF LEAVING HOME Foreign Trafficked Fishermen n =1718 0.17%
1.34%
0.76%
0.06% 0.06%
Deception/False Promises
Economic problem
22.41%
Personal and Family problem 0.35%
Seeking better job 74.80%
Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base 2011-2015
Social political problem; conflict, race Unemployment
RECRUITMENT OF FISHERMEN RECRUITER
Indonesian Trafficked Fishermen 400
257
n =283 200 0
23
1
Foreign Trafficked Fishermen
2 1500
1491
1000
500 0
Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base 2011-2015
18 38
2
13 11
6
139
RECRUITMENT OF FISHERMEN RECRUITMENT PATTERNS (AMBON CASE) Other 4%
Does not answer 1%
I was transferred by the captain Quit the previous boat 4% and joined another one 16%
I was recruited 7%
The captain changed boat and brought me along 1%
Looking for a job 13%
I was trafficked 27%
IOM Indonesia survey result to 285 fishermen in Ambon, August 2015
I was invited and/or requested 15%
RECRUITMENT OF FISHERMEN POSSESSION OF WORKING CONTRACT Foreign Trafficked Fishermen 3%
1% (NO DATA)
No 96%
Yes
Indonesian Trafficked Fishermen 7%
n =1718
No Yes n = 283
Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base 2011-2015
93%
MOVEMENT POSSESSION OF DOCUMENTS
Foreign Trafficked Fishermen 19% No 81%
Yes
Indonesian Trafficked Fishermen 3%
n =1718 No Yes 97% n = 283
Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base 2011-2015
MOVEMENT TYPE OF TRANSPORTATION
Foreign Trafficked Fishermen 13.15% 25.90%
60.83%
Land Mixed Sea
Indonesian Trafficked Fishermen 4.95% 2.47%
n =1718 Air Land Mixed n = 283
Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base 2011-2015
92.58%
EXPLOITATION WORKING CONDITION DURING EMPLOYMENT Indonesian Trafficked Fishermen 99%
96%
100%
94% 83%
35%
88%
86%
93%
39%
n = 283
One fishermen could suffer multiple working condition Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base 2011-2015
EXPLOITATION WORKING CONDITION DURING EMPLOYMENT Foreign Trafficked Fishermen 88%
98%
99%
100%
86%
84%
91%
94%
86%
30%
n =1718
One fishermen could suffer multiple working condition Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base 2011-2015
EXPLOITATION EXCESSIVE WORKING HOURS How long is the daily working hours? 2%
13%
8%
31%
46%
10-15 Hours
16-20 Hours
Under 10 Hours
Does Not Answer
IOM Indonesia survey result to 285 fishermen in Ambon, August 2015
21-24 Hours
Has there ever been any other stuff or individual (i.e. boat crew) being transferred from other boats into your fishing boat? 1% 6% 38%
Yes
55%
No
Does Not Know
IOM Indonesia survey result to 285 fishermen in Ambon, August 2015
Does Not Answer
3
• Counter-Trafficking Approach
IOM Counter-trafficking Activities in Indonesia: 5 Pillars Strategy
PARTNERSHIP
POLICY
PROTECTION
PREVENTION
PROSECUTION
3
• Counter-Trafficking Approach
PROTECTION SPHEREDIRECT ASSISTANCE
VICTIM IDENTIFICATION
R E F L E C T I O N
INTEGRATION DESTINATION or THIRD COUTNRY
SHELTER & RECOVERY
Graphic designed by Shafira Ayunindya, CT/LM Unit, IOM Indonesia
OR
REINTEGRATION
3
• Counter-Trafficking Approach
ASSISTANCE PROVIDED BY IOM IN PARTNERSHIP WITH RELATED STAKEHOLDERS RECOVERY • Receiving Country Government • NGO & FBO • Police • Embassies/Con sulates • Immigration • Medical Staff • Social Worker • IOM & IGOs
IDENTIFICATION
• Receiving Country Government • Social Ministry • Health Ministry • NGO & FBO • Hospital • IOM & IGOs
• Social Ministry • Embassy • Immigration • Foreign Affairs • NGO & FBO • Community • IOM & IGOs
RETURN
REINTEGRATION • Social Ministry • NGO & FBO • Private Sector • Community • IOM & IGOs • BNP2TKI
Reintegration Assistance
Livelihood support is key to preventing further exploitation
Small business training for former trafficked fishermen in Cambodia
Enforcement, cooperation key to protecting the next generation
THANK YOU VERY MUCH For further information, please contact IOM Indonesia Sampoerna Strategic Square, North Tower Floor 12A Jl. Jendral Sudirman Kav. 45-46 Jakarta 12930, Indonesia Tel: + 62 21 5795 1275, Fax: + 62 21 5795 1274 Email:
[email protected] http://www.iom.or.id
