GIS, Maps and Spatial Analyses in Urban Planning LOOM.02.331 ANTO AASA PhD, researcher
Power of visualization: What’s this? • Economic spaces in Europe • (chorems based approach)
Europe economy 1646
General: • The aim of the course is to introduce the aspects and output of spatial analysis in urban planning (data, software, GIS, maps, visualization). • Credits: 2 EAP • Apr 13 – May 07 2015 • • • • •
4 lectures 3 short seminars 3 long seminars Practical work Literature
http://www.geo.ut.ee/aasa/LOOM02331/
Plan 1. Introduction • Spatial planning, maps, visualization
2. Spatial planning and GIS 3. Spatial analysis • Thematic maps, land use, restrictions, overlay, accessibility, risks
4. Maps • Legend symbols, styles, usability
Literature • Study Information System (Õppeinfosüsteem, ÕIS): • UN (2008) Spatial Planning. Key Instrument for Development and Effective Governance with Special Reference to Countries in Transition. • DÜHR (2007) The Visual Language of Spatial Planning. Exploring cartographic representations for spatial planning in Europe. (link) • WANG (2014) A GIS-Based Approach in Support of Spatial Planning for Renewable Energy: A Case Study of Fukushima, Japan
Practical work
Questions • I know what is GIS? • I have experience's of using of: • • • • •
ESRI ArcMap, MapInfo Q-GIS (Quantum GIS) Microstation R (packages of spatial analysis)
• I can create thematic maps (e.g. population density) in GIS environment
What is spatial planning? • Methods used by the public sector to influence the distribution of people and activities in spaces of various scales. Discrete professional disciplines which involve spatial planning include: • • • • •
land use, urban, regional, transport and environmental planning.
Other related areas are also important, including economic and community planning.
Spatial planning • Science • Administrative technique • Long-term strategy
• communication
Spatial planning takes place on: • local, • regional, • national and • international levels.
Hierarchy of Spatial Planning
Spatial planning in European Union • 1999: European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP) • ESDP has no binding status
Key concepts of ESDP • an integrated approach - Not just to look at specific sectors of development activity (e.g. environment, economic development, or transport), but to recognise that they all affect each other; • spatial development - a much wider view of the development, vital for integrative approach; • strategic aspects - interlinked actions to achieve balanced and sustainable territorial development; • indicative views - the responsibility lies with the developed regions and territories to implement the development principals.
ESDP Spatial policy guidelines • Development of a polycentric and balanced urban system, and strengthening of the partnership between urban and rural areas, so as to create a new urban-rural relationship. • Promotion of integrated transport and communication concepts, which support the polycentric development of the EU territory, so that there is gradual progress towards parity of access to infrastructure and knowledge. • Wise management of the natural and cultural heritage, which will help conserve regional identities and cultural diversity in the face of globalisation.
Planning process
Planning „ideology“ • Zoning • Form follows the function
• Form based approach • Function follows the form
Developments– from zoning to form based approach • Very strict regulation: Construction conditions, limits, building types.
• Goal: pedestrian friendly urban space • Importance of physical environment, urban form • Place with identity
• Defining volumes • Area, volume, shape
• Defining functions • Business, leisure, dwelling, transport….
• Restrictions
Some visual examples of spatial planning GIS vs CAD
geographic information system
Computer-aided design
ESRI ArcMap MapInfo QGIS ...
Microstation ...
Zone map
Pille Metspalu
County level general plan
Pille Metspalu
General plan of Harku municipality, Estonia, 2009
Pille Metspalu, Hendrikson&Ko
Pille Metspalu
Planned 1st calss highway segment between Jõhvi and Narva
Corridor of highway trass (650 m)
Road protection zone (150 m)
Buffer zone (250 m)
Highway
© Pille Metspalu
Growth of the importance of regional planning– Planning of line objects and objects with a significant spatial influence
© Pille Metspalu
Predefined examples
© Pille Metspalu
What happens if...
© Pille Metspalu
© Pille Metspalu
© Pille Metspalu
© Pille Metspalu
© Pille Metspalu
© Pille Metspalu
Scenarios
Private Green Quiet
vs
Crowded Built-up Noisy
Map making technique?
Art?
Thematic maps
What is important? Spatial planning is complicated and interesting – skills of spatial planner! Value based approach, participatory planning, analysis, communication with decion-makers
Manija thematic plan © Pille Metspalu
Choice of the location of waste management centre, part of the Kõlleste municipality general plan.
Darker – more points (better place)
Choice of the location of wastemanagement centre, part of the Kõlleste municipality general plan.
© Pille Metspalu
•Maa-ala Vana-Ahtmest loodes ja idas. •Tabori asumi põhjaküljel tööstuspargiga piirnevad alad.
© Pille Metspalu
© Pille Metspalu
Augmented reality
Reality??
• Next time: • GIS in spatial planning
